Boiler



A.'M. MERTZANDFF.

BOILER. 7 APPLICATION FILED MAR- 6,1917

1 391010, Patented Nov; 15,1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET L' INVENTOR 3i @mui fi ATTORNEY ANDRE M. MERTZANOFF, 01* BUFFALU, NEW YORK.

BOILER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented N ov. 15, 1921.

Application filed March 6, 1917. Serial No. 152,574.

T all whom it may concern: Be it known that l, Arman M. MERT AN- orr, a subject of the King of Greece, r'es'iding at Buffalo, Erie. county, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Boilers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My lnvention relates to improvements 1n .boilers, and has for its object to provide a boiler which will be eiiicient inoperation with respect to the heating of the water and to the-consumption of fuel.

A further object of the invention is to provide a boiler having a fine or fines of such construction that the tension of the gases passing therethrou'gh will remain constant throughout the length thereof.

h A further object of the invention is .to provide a boiler having a flue or flues so constructed that the draft therethrough will be maintained uniform for all positions of the draft regulating dampers whereby a" steady operation of the boiler is insured.

A further object of the invention is to provide a boiler having a flue or flues so formed that the transverse cross-sectional area thereof will progressively and uniformly decrease throughout the length thereof.

A further'object of the invention is to provide a boiler having a flue. or fiues so formed that the transverse cross-sectional area thereof will decrease as the temperature of the gases decreases.

Other objects will'in part be obvious and in part be pointed out hereinafter.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends my invent-ion consists in the novel details of construction, and in the combination, connection and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and then been found to be most unsatisfactory and extravagant since it has been definitely ascertained that to design a boiler to yield its maximum eflicienoy at catalogue rating results in a sacrifice of heating efiiciency when the boiler is operated at its normal rate or output, which, of course is that rate at which it operates during the greater part of the heating season.

The operation of a boiler is generally about as follows :-Early in the morning the boiler is coaled and then forced for a'short period of about 40 to 50 minutes during which time the boiler is called upon to 'deliver its entire catalogue rated capacity. During the forcingd period the boiler may be considered as subjectedtemporarily to an overload.

is practically minimum, or approximately ten per cent. of the boilers normal output.

During the night period which approximately covers about eight hours, extending from 10 or 11 oclock at night to 6 or 7 oclock the following morning, the demand upon the boiler is at a minimum and the,

rate of combustion is, therefore, correspondingly low. v

The period of approximately fifteen hours between the forcing period and the night period constituting about sixty-five per cent. of the total daily period of operation, is the period in which the operating conditions of the boiler are normal During this intervening or normal period the rate of combustion remains substantially constant and unvarying.

The purpose of the applicants invention is to provide a boiler which will yield the best heat return for the fuel consumeddur- .ing this period when the boiler is operating gases pass \VlHCll leads to the chimney.

portions 16 which the fines. lowerportions of the'sections form ng lon- 18' which is adjacent the inner intermediate sections consisting of two similar, oppositely disposedv parts 11, 11. At their upper and lower portions the end sections it), it) and the parts 11, 1.1, of the intermediate sections are provided with registering openings 12 within which are arranged nipples lC-Lthcreby providing for the free circlllation of water throughout the boiler. The boiler is preferably inclosed' within a casing it and is provided with a suitable automatic damper controlling device 15.

Each of the. parts ll'of the intermediate sections extends substantially throughout theheig ht of the boiler and is provided at The portion of each of the peripheral fins surface of each part 11, and which lies above the fuel bed terminatesbelow the top of the boiler and isinclined inwardly and upwardly to an extent such that the effective transverse cross-sectional area of each of the fines will progressively and uniformly decrease from its-inlet to its outlet in order that the tension of the gases passing through each flue will remain constant as the temperature of the gases decreases, thus insuring a steady rate I of flow of the tberethroug-h.

' quickly responsive tion of the.

thermore by providing of'the gases passing u'lhedesired results are best obtained by so forming the fine that at any point there- 1 of from its 1nlet to its outlet, lts transverse cross-sectiomil area will correspond to the formula PV: T in which formulalzthe prevailing pressure in the flue, vzthe volume of the gas, Il -the constant for the gas, and T the absolute temperature of the gas. lioile'rs constructed as herein described are and highly eificient as regards the consumption of fuel. By reason of the peculiar formation of the fines the operaboiler is steady and the draft and rate of combustion may be accurately governed to meet the of the boiler. Furfor a uniform tension through the fines the boiler will operate in accordance with the varyingl'oad requirements to which it may be, subjected.

Having thus described my said invention,

control closely and various reqiurements 'tially as specified.

portions forming a whatl claim and desir to secure by Let ters Patent is 1. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of members each/embodying top and. vertical side portions, said top and side portions forming a fuel receptacle and a combustion chamber; a longitudinal collecting flue communicating with the smoke outlet, and tapering fines in said side portions extending from said collecting fine, the cross sectional area of said fines at any point throughout their length being proportional under normal op erating conditions of the boiler to the temperature of the gases at-such point, substan- A. sectional rality of members each embodying a top and vertical side portions, said top and side fuel receptacle, and a combustion chamber; a longitudinal collecting flue communicating with the smoke outlet, and tapering; fines in said side portions extending from said combustion chamber to said collecting fine, the cross sectional area of said i'lues at any point through their length being of such sizeas to satisfy the equation v lt'l in which equationlztlie pressure of the gases in the fine at said given point,

V the volume of the gases atsaid given point, p

R:a constant depending on the nature of the gases.

T the absolute temperature of the gases at said given point, substantially as specified.

3. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of" members each embodying a. pair of vertical side portions and inwardly extenda mg portions 2t(l]O1Z11Ilg their upper ends, said side and top portions forming a fuel receptacle and a combustion chamber, a longitudinal collectingtlue communicating with the smoke outlet, and tapering fines in said side portions extending from said combustion chamber to said collecting fiueg the crosssectional area of said fines at any point throughout their length being of such size as to satisfy the equationwhich equation- I Pztlle pressure of the gases in the threatsaid given point,

Vzthe volume of the gases at said given point, I li a. constant depending on the nature of the gases, Tzthe absolute temperature of the gases at said given point, I substantially as specified.

t. A sectional boiler comprising a plural ity of members each embodying a pair of vertical side portions and parallel inwardly extending: portions adjoining their upper ends and arranged in spaced relation to one said combustion chamber to r boiler comprising a plu- .said collecting flue, the crossvsectional area of said 'flues at any point throughout their length being proportional under normal operatlng conditions of the boiler to the temperature of the gases at such point, substantially as specified.

5. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of inverted U-shaped members, forming a fuel receptacle and a combustion chamber a common flue inthe lower end of cache the vertical portions of said member, and tapering flues insaid vertical portions communicating at their upper ,ends with the combustion chamber and at their lower constricted ends with-their respective common fines, the cross-sectional. area of said taperin'g flues atany point throughout their length being proportional, under normal operating conditions of the boiler, to the tem perature of the gases at such point, substantia-lly as specified.

fi A sectionalboller comprising a plurale ity ofinverted U-shaped members forming'a fuelreceptacle and .a combustion chamber, laterally entendingifins on said vertical portions' cooperating with the registering fins of adjoining memb'ers andforming downwei dly tapering s' ertical-vfiues therebetween communicating at their entrance portions with said combustion chamber and at their exit portions "with a common flue leading to the smoke outlet, the cross sectional area of said :flues at i any polnt throughout their length -being proportional under normal op erating. conditions of the boilerto the tern perature of the gases at such point, substantially as soecified.

7'. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of inverted U-shaped memberseach hav ingrelatively narrow transverse intermediate portions. the inner opposing Walls ofsaid members forming 'a fuelreceptacle and a combustion chamber therebetween; longitudinal fines in. the bases of the vertical portions of said U-shaped members communieating wlth the smoke outlet, and downvvardly tapering flues in said vertical portions extending severally from said. combus-. tion chamber to said longitudinal flues, the cross sectional area of saidffiues at any point throughout their length being proportional under normal operating conditions of the boiler to the temperature of the gases at such point, substantially as specified.

8. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of inverted U-shaped members, each composed of two conforming halves forming intermediate the same a combustion chamber and a; fuel receptacle, registering fins upon the-outer edges of said members; each of said members having a relatively narrow tapering intermediate portion terminating in a broad lower end, registering openings in said lower ends forming a longitudinal collecting flue leading to the smoke outlet, registering fins along the inner edges of said narrow tapering intermediate portion and said lower ends, forming the walls of said fuel receptacle and said combustion chamber; saidribs incombination with. the registering ribs upon the outer edges of said members jointly forming a plurality of downwardly tapering fiues extending from said combustion. chamber to said longitudinal collecting flue, the cross sectional area of said fines at any point throughout their length being proportional under nor P- teratmg conditionsof the boiler to the tern-- day of November, one thousand nine hunoerat'ure of the gases at such/point, substandred and sixteen.

ANDRE M. MERTZANOFF.

Witnesses I "WI LIAM P. Jones, CONRAD A. DIETERICH. 

